In contrast, the duration of mechanical ventilation use, presence of SDH, anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and renal impairment showed no correlation with the outcome.
In our 3 fetal death cases, only arterial blood pH was significantly associated with deaths. Given that the Apgar scores of the 2 mortality cases were not recorded, the association between Apgar score and death was not evaluated. In this study, half of the cases were accompanied by SDH, but the presence of SDH was not significantly related to the neurologic outcome.
Similarly, Kilani and Wetmore [ 12 ] reported that severe hypovolemia and coagulopathy were the most commonly associated clinical factors with mortality, but intracranial hemorrhage had no relationship with death in neonates with SGH. This study has some limitations. The follow-up period varied from each patient and was relatively short duration. It also cannot exclude that the number of patients enrolled in this study is too small to assess the factors affecting the outcome of the SGH.
Thus, further studies enrolling larger patient numbers with long-term follow-up is warranted. Although the imaging study may be helpful in assessing the severity of the disease, it is not necessary for diagnosis.
Similar to other studies, the diagnosis was based on clinical features, and ultrasonography or CT was not used to confirm the diagnosis [ 10 , 15 - 18 ]. In conclusion, SGH initially presents with various symptoms, but if overlooked, it progresses gradually, resulting in serious neurological sequelae or death.
Early diagnosis and immediate management are important to improve the outcomes among neonates with SGH. Close monitoring, including hourly recordings of vital signs and head circumference measurements, is required for all infants with unstable vital signs, as well as those who are delivered via vacuum extractions. Conflicts of interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Initial presenting symptoms in neonates. Classification of outcomes according to diagnostic timing in the surviving children. Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population. CRP, C-reactive protein. Table 2. Comorbidities in the neonates. Table 3. Short-term outcome of surviving children. CP, cerebral palsy; GDD, global developmental delay. Table 4. Comparisons of clinical factors in 2 subgroups according to short-term outcome. References 1.
Prevention, detection, and management of subgaleal haemorrhage in the newborn C-Obs Davis DJ. Neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage: diagnosis and management.
CMAJ ;—3. Nicholson L. Caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma: the cs that leave bumps on the head. Neonatal Netw ;— Reid J. Neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage. Kokolakis M, Koutelekos I. Birth related traumatic brain injury - nursing interventions. Perioper Nursing ;— Traumatic brain lesions in newborns. Arq Neuropsiquiatr ;—8. Subgaleal haemorrhage in the newborn: A call for early diagnosis and aggressive management. J Paediatr Child Health ;—6. Subgaleal hematoma. A complication of instrumental delivery.
JAMA ;—8. Subgaleal hemorrhage: risk factors and outcomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand ;—3. Subgaleal hematoma J. They dont calcify. Epidemiology In patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage or skull fracture s, the incidence is increased. Etiology Subgaleal hematoma etiology.
Diagnosis The diagnosis is generally a clinical one, with a fluctuant boggy mass developing over the scalp Laboratory studies consist of a hematocrit evaluation. Hemorrhage under the scalp Not to confuse with subperiosteal hematoma. Differential diagnosis Subgaleal hematoma differential diagnosis. Epidural hematoma association Although rare, rapid spontaneous resolution of epidural hematoma s in the pediatric population has even been reported 2.
Case reports A year-old healthy worker came to our emergency department ED due to scalp lacerations from an accident that caused severe twisting of his hair. Subgaleal hematoma from hair braiding. Case report and literature review. Pediatr Emerg Cure. Spontaneous slow drainage of epidural hematoma into the subgaleal space through a skull fracture in an infant—case report.
Neurol Med Chir Tokyo. Spontaneous resolution of an acute epidural hematoma with normal intracranial pressure: case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. Epub May Arch Pediatr. Epub Sep Neonatal subgaleal hematoma causing brain compression: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Delayed post-traumatic large subgaleal hematoma caused by diastasis of rhomboid skull suture on the transverse sinus.
Epub Aug Case 3: due to birth trauma Case 3: due to birth trauma. Case 4 Case 4. Case 5: with extradural and subdural hematomas Case 5: with extradural and subdural hematomas. Case 6: coup-contracoup injury Case 6: coup-contracoup injury. Case 7 Case 7. Case 8 Case 8. Case 9 Case 9. Case 10 Case Case 11 Case Case 12 Case Case 13 Case Case traumatic, actively bleeding Case traumatic, actively bleeding. Caput succedaneum Caput succedaneum.
Subgaleal lipoma Subgaleal lipoma. Cephalohematoma Cephalohematoma. Bilateral cephalohematomas and subdural hematomas Bilateral cephalohematomas and subdural hematomas.
Ossified cephalohematoma Ossified cephalohematoma. Subgaleal abscess Subgaleal abscess. Loading more images Close Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Loading Stack - 0 images remaining. By System:.
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