Choose a topic to get the facts about these known, possible, and unlikely environmental causes of cancer. For a more complete list and information about how carcinogens are studied and classified, see Known and Probable Human Carcinogens.
Cancer A-Z. Read more. Does This Cause Cancer? There are different types of brain and spinal cord tumors. These tumors are named based on the type of cell in which they formed and where the tumor first formed in the central nervous system. For example, an astrocytic tumor begins in star-shaped brain cells called astrocytes , which help keep nerve cells healthy.
Brain tumors can be benign not cancer or malignant cancer. Our pages on brain and spinal cord tumors in adults and brain and spinal cord tumors in children have more information. Germ cell tumors are a type of tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs. These tumors can occur almost anywhere in the body and can be either benign or malignant.
Neuroendocrine tumors form from cells that release hormones into the blood in response to a signal from the nervous system. These tumors, which may make higher-than-normal amounts of hormones, can cause many different symptoms.
Neuroendocrine tumors may be benign or malignant. Our definition of neuroendocrine tumors has more information. Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumor. They are slow-growing tumors that are usually found in the gastrointestinal system most often in the rectum and small intestine. Carcinoid tumors may spread to the liver or other sites in the body, and they may secrete substances such as serotonin or prostaglandins, causing carcinoid syndrome.
Our page on gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors has more information. Menu Contact Dictionary Search. Understanding Cancer.
What Is Cancer? Cancer Statistics. Cancer Disparities. Cancer Causes and Prevention. Risk Factors. Cancer Prevention Overview. Cancer Screening Overview. Screening Tests. Diagnosis and Staging. Questions to Ask about Your Diagnosis. Types of Cancer Treatment. Side Effects of Cancer Treatment. Clinical Trials Information. A to Z List of Cancer Drugs. Questions to Ask about Your Treatment. Feelings and Cancer. Adjusting to Cancer. Day-to-Day Life.
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Annual Report to the Nation. Research Advances by Cancer Type. Stories of Discovery. Milestones in Cancer Research and Discovery. The branch of medicine dedicated to diagnosing, treating and researching cancer is known as oncology, while a physician who works in the field is called an oncologist.
Some oncologists focus solely on particular cancer types or treatments. The field of oncology has three main specialties—medical, surgical and radiation—and numerous sub-specialties. A medical oncologist is a licensed physician typically in internal medicine trained in diagnosing, staging and treating cancer. A medical oncologist is also the doctor a cancer patient will continue to see after treatment, for checkups over the long-term. A surgical oncologist is a surgeon who specializes in performing biopsies and removing cancerous tumors and surrounding tissue, as well as other cancer-related operations.
A radiation oncologist specializes in treating cancer with radiation therapy to shrink or destroy cancer cells or to ease cancer-related symptoms. Many cancer types are treated by an oncology sub-specialty. Gynecologic oncologists , for example, are trained to treat cancers of the female reproductive system such as those affecting the uterus, cervix, or ovaries, while hematologic oncologists specialize in diagnosing and treating blood cancers leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
A neuro-oncologist treats cancers of the brain, spine and peripheral nerves. Supportive care services describe a broad range of therapies designed to combat side effects and maintain well-being. Treating cancer requires focusing on more than the disease alone; it must also address the pain, fatigue, depression and other side effects that come with it.
The future of cancer treatment lies in providing patients with an even greater level of personalization. Doctors are beginning to offer treatment options based on the genetic changes occurring in a specific tumor.
Genomic tumor assessment may result in a more personalized approach to cancer treatment. Chat live now or call us
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